For 24 years, the PSHS was a single campus located at Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City where the top 240 examinees in a National Competitive Examinations held yearly were accepted as government scholars.

To expand the opportunities for students who are talented in science, mathematics and technology, two regional campuses in Davao and Iloilo were established under Executive Order No. 1090.

In July 1988, the PSHS Mindanao Campus (now called the Southern Mindanao Campus) started its operations. On July 1, 1993 the PSHS Western Visayas Campus formally opened.

Republic Act 7373, the creation of the PSHS Eastern Visayas Campus, was signed into law on April 10, 1992. The campus officially started its operations on July 4, 1994.

RA 7622, as amended by RA 8364, converted the Nueva Vizcaya Science High School in Bayombong, Nueva Vizacaya, into the fourth PSHS campus. It started its operations on June 1998.

RA 8304, as amended by RA 8619 established the PSHS Camarines Sur Campus. Operations started on July 1998.

Republic Act 8469, signed on January 19, 1998, established the PSHS Lanao del Norte Campus.

The PSHS Ilocos Region Campus was established by a formal resolution of the PSHS Board of Trustees. The school formally opened on July 14, 2003. Thirty three freshmen students were enrolled initially, complemented by twelve faculty and administrative personnel. The academic and dormitory buildings were through funding support of Congressman Salacnib F. Baterina.

In the near future, each of the country's administrative regions is envisioned to provide for a PSHS campus. These developments are in line with the country's goal to provide a critical mass of science-inclined youth who will pursue careers in science and technology.